中华人民共和国民用航空器适航管理条例(附英文)
国务院
中华人民共和国民用航空器适航管理条例(附英文)
1987年5月4日，国务院
第一条 为保障民用航空安全，维护公众利益，促进民用航空事业的发展，特制定本条例。
第二条 在中华人民共和国境内从事民用航空器（含航空发动机和螺旋桨，下同）的设计、生产、使用和维修的单位或者个人，向中华人民共和国出口民用航空器的单位或者个人，以及在中华人民共和国境外维修在中华人民共和国注册登记的民用航空器的单位或者个人，均须遵守本条例。
第三条 民用航空器的适航管理，是根据国家的有关规定，对民用航空器的设计、生产、使用和维修，实施以确保飞行安全为目的的技术鉴定和监督。
第四条 民用航空器的适航管理由中国民用航空局（以下简称民航局）负责。
第五条 民用航空器的适航管理，必须执行规定的适航标准和程序。
第六条 任何单位或者个人设计民用航空器，应当持航空工业部对该设计项目的审核批准文件，向民航局申请型号合格证。民航局接受型号合格证申请后，应当按照规定进行型号合格审定；审定合格的，颁发型号合格证。
第七条 任何单位或者个人生产民用航空器，应当具有必要的生产能力，并应当持本条例第六条规定的型号合格证，经航空工业部同意后，向民航局申请生产许可证。民航局接受生产许可证申请后，应当按照规定进行生产许可审定；审定合格的，颁发生产许可证，并按照规定颁发适航证。
任何单位或者个人未按照前款规定取得生产许可证的，均不得生产民用航空器。但本条例第八条规定的除外。
第八条 任何单位或者个人未取得生产许可证，但因特殊需要，申请生产民用航空器的，须经民航局批准。
按照前款规定生产的民用航空器，须经民航局逐一审查合格后，颁发适航证。
第九条 民用航空器必须具有民航局颁发的适航证，方可飞行。
民航局颁发的适航证应当规定该民用航空器所适用的活动类别、证书的有效期限及安全所需的其他条件和限制。
第十条 持有民用航空器生产许可证的单位生产的民用航空器，经国务院有关主管部门批准需要出口时，由民航局签发出口适航证。
第十一条 在中华人民共和国境内飞行的民用航空器必须具有国籍登记证。在中华人民共和国注册登记的民用航空器，具有中华人民共和国国籍，国籍登记证由民航局颁发。民用航空器取得国籍登记证后，必须按照规定在该民用航空器的外表标明国籍登记识别标志。
第十二条 中华人民共和国的任何单位或者个人进口外国生产的任何型号的民用航空器，如系首次进口并用于民用航空活动时，出口民用航空器的单位或者个人必须向民航局申请型号审查。民航局接受申请后，应当按照规定对该型号民用航空器进行型号审查；审查合格的，颁发准予进口的型号认可证书。
第十三条 中华人民共和国的任何单位或者个人租用的外国民用航空器，必须经民航局对其原登记国颁发的适航证审查认可或者另行颁发适航证后，方可飞行。
第十四条 任何单位或者个人的民用航空器取得适航证以后，必须按照民航局的有关规定和适航指令，使用和维修民用航空器，保证其始终处于持续适航状态。
第十五条 加装或者改装已取得适航证的民用航空器，必须经民航局批准，涉及的重要部件、附件必须经民航局审定。
第十六条 中华人民共和国境内和境外任何维修单位或者个人，承担在中华人民共和国注册登记的民用航空器的维修业务的，必须向民航局申请维修许可证，经民航局对其维修设施、技术人员、质量管理系统审查合格，并颁发维修许可证后，方可从事批准范围内的维修业务活动。
第十七条 负责维修并放行在中华人民共和国注册登记的民用航空器的维修技术人员，必须向民航局提出申请，经民航局或者其授权单位考核合格并取得维修人员执照或者相应的证明文件后，方可从事民用航空器的维修并放行工作。
第十八条 民用航空器的适航审查应当收取费用。收费办法由民航局会同财政部制定。
第十九条 民航局有权对生产、使用、维修民用航空器的单位或者个人以及取得适航证的民用航空器进行定期检查或者抽查；经检查与抽查不合格的，民航局除按照本条例的有关规定对其处罚外，还可吊销其有关证件。
第二十条 使用民用航空器进行飞行活动的任何单位或者个人有下列情形之一的，民航局有权责令其停止飞行，并视情节轻重，处以罚款：
一、民用航空器未取得适航证的；
二、民用航空器适航证已经失效的；
三、使用民用航空器超越适航证规定范围的。
第二十一条 维修民用航空器的单位或者个人，有下列情形之一的，民航局有权责令其停止维修业务或者吊销其维修许可证，并视情节轻重，处以罚款：
一、未取得维修许可证，擅自承接维修业务的；
二、超过维修许可证规定的业务范围，承接维修业务的；
三、由未取得维修人员执照的人员负责民用航空器的维修并放行的。
第二十二条 任何单位或者个人违反本条例第七条规定，擅自生产民用航空器的，民航局有权责令其停止生产，并视情节轻重，处以罚款。
第二十三条 按照本条例受到处罚的单位的上级主管机关，应当根据民航局的建议对受罚单位的主要负责人或者直接责任人员给予行政处分；情节严重，构成犯罪的，由司法机关依法追究刑事责任。
第二十四条 民航局因适航管理工作的过失造成人身伤亡或者重大财产损失的，应当承担赔偿责任，并对直接责任人员给予行政处分；直接责任人员的行为构成犯罪的，由司法机关依追究刑事责任。
第二十五条 民航局从事适航管理的工作人员，利用职务之便营私舞弊的，应当给予行政处分；情节严重，构成犯罪的，由司法机关依法追究刑事责任。
第二十六条 任何单位或者个人对民航局作出的罚款决定不服的，可以在接到罚款通知书之日起十五日内向民航局提请复议，也可以直接向人民法院起诉；期满不提请复议也不起诉又不执行的，民航局可以申请人民法院强制执行。
第二十七条 民航局应当在广泛征求航空工业部及各有关部门意见的基础上，制定本条例的实施细则及有关技术标准。
第二十八条 本条例由民航局负责解释。
第二十九条 本条例自一九八七年六月一日起施行。
REGULATIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA FOR THE ADMINISTRA-TION OF THE AIRWORTHINESS OF CIVIL AIRCRAFT
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
REGULATIONS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA FOR THE ADMINISTRA-
TION OF THE AIRWORTHINESS OF CIVIL AIRCRAFT
(Promulgated by the State Council on May 4, 1987)
Article 1
These Regulations are formulated for the purpose of ensuring safety in
civil aviation, protecting public interests and promoting the development
of civil aviation undertakings.
Article 2
All units or individuals that are engaged in the designing, manufacturing,
use and maintenance of civil aircraft (including aircraft engines and
propellers, and the same hereinafter) within the People's Republic of
China, all units or individuals that export civil aircraft to the People's
Republic of China, and all units or individuals that perform outside the
People's Republic of China maintenance services to aircraft registered in
the People's Republic of China shall abide by these Regulations.
Article 3
The administration of the airworthiness of civil aircraft denotes the
technical appraisal and supervision exercised in accordance with the
pertinent provisions of the State over the designing, manufacturing, use
and maintenance of civil aircraft for the purpose of ensuring safety in
flight.
Article 4
The Civil Aviation Administration of China (hereinafter referred to as the
"CAAC") shall be responsible for the administration of the airworthiness
of civil aircraft.
Article 5
The administration of the airworthiness of civil aircraft shall be
exercised in accordance with the prescribed airworthiness criteria and
procedures.
Article 6
Any units or individuals that intend to design civil aircraft shall, on
the strength of the document issued by the Ministry of Aeronautic Industry
for the examination and approval of the design project, apply to the CAAC
for a Certificate of Up-to-Standard Model. The CAAC shall, after receipt
of the application therefor, conduct the examination and appraisal, in
accordance with the relevant provisions, as to whether the model to be
designed is up to standard and, if the model is proved to be up to
standard, a Certificate of Up-to-Standard Model shall be issued.
Article 7
Any units or individuals that intend to manufacture civil aircraft shall
have the necessary manufacturing capacity and shall, on the strength of
the Certificate of Up-to-Standard Model as prescribed in Article 6 of
these Regulations and with the consent of the Ministry of Aeronautic
Industry, apply to the CAAC for a Manufacturing Permit. The CAAC shall,
after receipt of the application therefor, conduct examination and
appraisal, in accordance with the relevant provisions, as to whether the
applicants are qualified to obtain a Manufacturing Permit, if they are
proved to be qualified, a Manufacturing Permit shall be issued to them,
together with an Airworthiness Certificate to be issued in accordance with
the relevant provisions.
No units or individuals that have not obtained a Manufacturing Permit in
accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph may manufacture
civil aircraft, except as otherwise prescribed in the provisions of
Article 8 of these Regulations.
Article 8
Any units or individuals that have not obtained a Manufacturing Permit but
intend to manufacture civil aircraft as a result of special needs shall
apply to the CAAC for approval. Civil aircraft manufactured in accordance
with the provision in the preceding paragraph shall be examined one by one
and only after each of them is proved to be up to standard shall an
Airworthiness Certificate be issued.
Article 9
Civil aircraft may engage in flight operations only when they have
possessed an Airworthiness Certificate issued by the CAAC.
The Airworthiness Certificate issued by the CAAC shall specify the type(s)
of activities the aircraft is (are) good for, the period of validity of
the Certificate, and other conditions and restrictions required for
ensuring safety.
Article 10
If civil aircraft manufactured by units possessing a Civil Aircraft
Manufacturing Permit are to be exported as approved by the competent
authorities under the State Council, the Airworthiness Certificate for
Export shall be issued by the CAAC.
Article 11
Civil aircraft that are to fly within the People's Republic of China must
possess Nationality Registration Certificates. Civil aircraft that have
been registered in the People's Republic of China shall bear the
nationality of the People's Republic of China and shall be issued
Nationality Registration Certificate by the CAAC. Civil aircraft shall,
after obtaining a Nationality Registration Certificate, stencil on their
outer surface the identification marks of nationality registration in
accordance with the relevant provisions.
Article 12
Where any units or individuals of the People's Republic of China intend to
import any model of civil aircraft manufactured in foreign countries, and
if it is imported for the first time and to be used for civil aviation
activities, the units or individuals exporting that civil aircraft shall
apply to the CAAC for examination of the model. The CAAC shall, upon
receipt of the application, conduct the examination of the model of the
civil aircraft in accordance with the relevant provisions. If the model is
proved to be up to standard, a Certificate for Model Approval shall be
issued to permit the import.
Article 13
A foreign civil aircraft leased by any unit or individual of the People's
Republic of China may engage in flight operations only after the CAAC has
examined and approved the airworthiness certificate issued by the country
of registry of the said aircraft or only after the CAAC has issued a new
Airworthiness Certificate to the aircraft.
Article 14
Any units or individuals that have obtained Airworthiness Certificates for
their civil aircraft shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of
the CAAC and its mandates of airworthiness, use and maintain the said
civil aircraft and ensure that they are in a state of permanent
airworthiness.
Article 15
The addition or modification of a civil aircraft for which an
Airworthiness Certificate has been obtained shall be subject to the
approval of the CAAC and the essential components and accessories involved
shall be subject to the examination and approval of the CAAC.
Article 16
Any maintenance units or individuals inside or outside the People's
Republic of China that intend to undertake maintenance services for civil
aircraft registered in the People's Republic of China shall apply to the
CAAC for a Maintenance Permit. Only after the CAAC has examined their
maintenance facilities, technical personnel and quality control system,
found them up to standard and issued a Maintenance Permit may they engage
in the maintenance business activities within the scope approved.
Article 17
Maintenance technical personnel in charge of maintaining and releasing
civil aircraft registered in the People's Republic of China shall apply to
the CAAC and only after the CAAC or a unit authorized by the CAAC has
examined them and found them qualified and they have thus obtained a
Maintenance Personnel Licence or a similar certificate may they engage in
the maintenance and release of civil aircraft.
Article 18
Fees shall be charged for the examination of the airworthiness of a civil
aircraft. The amounts to be charged and relevant procedures for charging
shall be set by the CAAC in conjunction with the Ministry of Finance.
Article 19
The CAAC shall have the right to examine regularly or selectively the
units or individuals that manufacture, use or maintain civil aircraft, as
well as the civil aircraft for which Airworthiness Certificates have been
obtained. If they fail to pass the examination or selective examination,
the CAAC shall impose penalties on them in accordance with the relevant
provisions of these Regulations and may, in addition to that, revoke their
relevant documents.
Article 20
If any units or individuals that use civil aircraft for flight activities
are found in any one of the following circumstances, the CAAC shall have
the right to order them to suspend flight and impose a fine on them in
accordance with the seriousness of the case:
1. no Airworthiness Certificate has been obtained for the civil aircraft;
2. the Airworthiness Certificate of the civil aircraft has expired; or
3. the civil aircraft has been used beyond the scope prescribed in the
Airworthiness Certificate.
Article 21
If any units or individuals that maintain civil aircraft are found in any
of the following circumstances, the CAAC shall have the right to order
them to suspend the maintenance business or revoke their Maintenance
Permit and impose a fine on them in accordance with the seriousness of
case:
1. no Maintenance Permit has been obtained and yet maintenance business
has been procured without authorization;
2. maintenance business has been undertaken beyond the business scope
prescribed in the Maintenance Permit; or
3. personnel who have not obtained a Maintenance Personnel Licence have
been put in charge of the maintenance and release of civil aircraft.
Article 22
If any units or individuals, in violation of the provisions in Article 7
of these Regulations, manufacture civil aircraft without authorization,
the CAAC shall have the right to order them to suspend the manufacturing
and impose a fine on them in accordance with the seriousness of the case.
Article 23
The superior competent authorities in charge of the penalized units in
accordance with these Regulations shall, based on the proposal of the
CAAC, subject the principal persons in charge of the penalized units or
other persons directly responsible to administrative sanctions. If the
case is so serious as to constitute a crime, criminal liabilities shall be
investigated by the judicial organs in accordance with the law.
Article 24
If accidental death or bodily injury or heavy losses in property have
occurred as a result of negligence in the work of airworthiness
administration, the CAAC shall assume the liability for damages and
subject the persons directly responsible to administrative sanctions. If
the act of the persons directly responsible constitutes a crime, the
judicial organs shall investigate their criminal liabilities in accordance
with the law.
Article 25
The CAAC personnel engaged in airworthiness administration who take
advantage of their positions and powers to seek personal gains and graft
and corruption shall be subjected to administrative sanctions. If the case
is so serious as to constitute a crime, criminal liabilities shall be
investigated by the judicial organs in accordance with the law.
Article 26
Any units or individuals that do not accept the decision of the CAAC
concerning the imposition of a fine may, within 15 days of receipt of the
notice of the fine, apply to the CAAC for reconsideration or directly file
a suit with a people's court. If no application for reconsideration is
submitted or no suit is filed and yet the decision has not been executed
at the expiry of the prescribed period of time, the CAAC may apply to the
people's court for the enforcement of the decision.
Article 27
The CAAC shall, on the basis of the opinions widely solicited from the
Ministry of Aeronautic Industry and the various departments concerned,
formulate the rules for the implementation of these Regulations and the
relevant technical standards.
Article 28
The CAAC shall be responsible for the interpretation of these Regulations.
Article 29
These Regulations shall become effective as of June 1, 1987.
营口市水上旅游运输管理暂行办法
辽宁省营口市人民政府
营口市水上旅游运输管理暂行办法
（一九九四年八月一日市人民政府发布营政发[1994]38号）
第一章 总则
第一条 为加强水上旅游运输管理，维护水域运输秩序，根据《中华人民共和国水路运输管理条例》和《水路运输管理条例实施细则》等有关规定，结合我市情况制定本办法。
第二条 本办法适用于我市辖区内所有从事水上旅游运输的单位和个人。
第三条 市交通局是我市水上旅游运输管理的主管部门，负责本办法的贯彻实施。
第四条 本办法所称水上旅游运输是指以船舶（艇）为载体，以旅客为对象，在海、河、水库及各风景区公共水域观光旅游的营业性运输。
第二章 审批管理
第五条 凡申请水上旅游运输的单位和个人，须向市交通局港航管理部门提出申请，经审核同意发给《水路运输许可证》和《船舶营业运输证》，然后凭证到工商行政管理机关办理营业执照方可营业。
第六条 跨辖区经营水上旅游运输业务的，须经市港航管理部门同意后，报省主管部门批准。
第七条 申请设立水上旅游运输业务必须具备下列条件：
（一）具有与经营范围相适应的经船检部门检验合格的运输船舶；
（二）有较稳定的客源；
（三）有经营管理的组织机构和负责人；
（四）有与运输业务相适应的自有流动资金；
（五）有安全、技术管理的规章制度和业务章程；
（六）落实旅游沿线停靠港（站、点）；
（七）具有船舶靠泊和旅客上下船所必须的安全服务设施；
（八）落实救生措施。
第八条 办理《船舶营业运输证》须提交以下证件：
（一）新增运力申请书；
（二）乡（镇）以上人民政府的证明；
（三）有效的船舶检验证书（复印件）；
（四）主要船员名单及有效的职务证书（复印件）；
（五）旅游沿线停靠港（站、点）证明；
（六）船舶国籍证书或船舶执照。
第九条 符合本法第七、八条规定的，发给《水路运输许可证》。
第三章 营运管理
第十条 从事水上旅游运输的船舶，必须在规定的航区航行和港（站、点）停靠，不得擅自改变航线，不得随意取消停靠港（站、点），确需改变时，要经原审批机关批准。
第十一条 凡从事水上旅游运输的单位和个人，必须按国家规定缴纳各种规费，执行交通和物价部门的运价和费率，使用交通主管部门统一印制的旅游客票。
第十二条 从事水上旅游运输的单位和个人必须按时向市港航管理部门报送月、季、年度营业性、非营业性旅游运输量统计报表（同时报市旅游管理部门1份）。
第十三条 各级港航管理人员要加强监督、检查，执行公务时，要着装整齐，佩戴标志，并出示水路运输管理检查证。各受检单位必须接受检查，出示有关证照，如实答复查询情况。
第四章 安全管理
第十四条 凡从事水上旅游运输业务的，必须建立安全管理机构，配备专兼职船舶安全管理人员，无安全管理机构和管理人员的，不准从事船舶旅游运输。
第十五条 凡有从事水上旅游运输业务的级（镇、办事处），要根据工作需要指定乡（镇、办事处）船舶安全管理员。乡（镇、办事处）船舶的安全管理工作由所在乡（镇、办事处）人民政府负责。
第十六条 乡（镇、办事处）船舶安全管理员业务上受市港航管理部门指导，其主要职责是：
（一）负责辖区内水上交通安全、旅游船舶的日常安全和码头现场安全的管理工作；
（二）负责水上交通安全宣传教育工作；
（三）组织督促辖区船舶经营人或所有人按规定到港航监督机构及其有关部门办理船舶登记、检验、保险、营运等必备的手续；
（四）协助港航监督机构组织对船员技术培训和考试工作；
（五）协助港航监督机构调查处理水上交通事故及统计报表工作；
（六）接受港航监督机构的委托和交办的其他工作。
第十七条 船舶所有人、经营人和船员必须贯彻安全第一、预防为主的方针，遵守法律、法规，服从港航监督和乡（镇、办事处）船舶安全管理员的安全监督管理。‘
第十八条 船舶航行、停泊必须遵守安全的有关规定，严禁超员航行，不得酒后架驶。
第十九条 船舶航行不得超过抗风等级，遇有恶劣天气，不准出航。
第二十条 船舶在航行中要加强了望，相遇时要遵守避碰规则，以避免碰撞事故的发生，要避开游泳区和主航道。
第二十一条 酗酒者、精神病患者不得乘船旅游，儿童乘船时必须有成年人监护。
第二十二条 乘客要听从船员指挥，不得任意改变座位，不得携带易燃、易爆物品登船，乘坐游艇时，不得吸烟，必须身着救生衣。
第二十三条 旅游船舶要定期进行安全检查，并实行定期签证制度，每月签证两次。
第二十四条 船舶发生事故时，所有船员要立即采取有效措施组织自救，并迅速将事故发生的时间、地点、 原因、受损情况和救助要求向就近的地方政府、有关单位和主管机关报告，及时提交事故报告，如实反映情况，接受调查处理。
第二十五条 地方政府、有关单位和主管机关以及事故现场的其他船舶等接到事故报告或求救时应全力抢救遇险的船舶和人员。
第二十六条 船舶发生的交通事故，由主管机关查明原因，判明责任。
第五章 罚则
第二十七条 对违反本办法有下列行为之一者，视情节轻重，由有关部门按职责权限分工，予以处罚：
（一）未经批准，擅自从事水上旅游运输业务的；
（二）船舶处于不适航状态而强行出航的；
（三）扰乱运输秩序，哄抬运价，以不正当手段招揽游客的；
（四）超出核定的营业范围营运的；
（五）阻碍港航管理人员执行公务，不服从管理的；
（六）不按规定交纳各种规费的。
第二十八条 所有罚款一律上交同级财政部门，使用财政部门的统一收据。
第二十九条 当事人对处罚决定不服的，可在接到处罚决定之日起十五日内向做出处罚决定的上级机关申请复议，对复议决定不服的，可在接到复议决定之日起十五日内向人民法院起诉，期满不起诉又不履行处罚决定的，由处罚机关申请人民法院强制执行。
第三十条 各级港航监督人员要遵纪守法，秉公办事，文明管理。对以权谋私、徇私舞弊、敲诈勒索、违法违纪等，由其所在单位或主管部门给予行政处分或经济处罚，触犯刑律的，提请司法机关追究刑事责任。
第六章 附则
第三十一条 本办法自下发之日起施行，如与上级规定抵触时，按上级规定执行。
第三十二条 本办法由市交通局负责解释。
